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000437_owner-lightwave-l _Tue Jul 26 22:37:11 1994.msg
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Date: Wed, 27 Jul 94 00:01 CDT
From: Robert Goemans <RGOEMANS@macc.wisc.edu>
Subject: Re: Magnifying glass
To: lightwave-l@netcom.com
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>> The thickness does not matter in refraction, just the angles and optical
>> densities (hence the fresnel lens works while being nearly flat). I
>
>Physics states that thickness does matter for lenses. (hence, different
>thickness eyeglasses).
Actually, it's geometry that states that thickness matters for lenses.
As far as the physics is concerned, it's true that only the interface angle
matters. The simple equation is Snell's law: (n1)(sinx1)=(n2)(sinx2). (Gads I
hope I got that right... I'm supposed to be a physics major.) Here, n1 and n2
are the indices of refraction for your two materials, and x1 and x2 are the
angles of incidence (measured from the normal, I think) of the light ray on the
interface. You can say that x1 is the incident ray, and x2 is the transmitted.
but it works either way.
The short of it is, according to physics, the only variables that matter
are the indices of refraction and the angles of incidence. However, if you look
at the _geometry_ of a lens, there is a difference. In fifty words or less, if
the light passing through the lens is not parallel, the distance it travels
through the lens will affect where it focuses. I'm not going to clutter up
space with an ASCII illustration, so you'll have to use your fine-tuned 3D
modeller's mind to picture it.
And, lest the subject drift too far away from Lightwave (yes, there's a
point, and it'll lead to a question in a couple of paragraphs), the upshot is
that you should be able to make a workable lens from just about any reasonable
thickness. By necessity, the thinner you make it the less severe the distortion
would be (except near the edges because again, the radius of curvature will be
small if you're just squashing down a sphere). That's just the physics, but if
it's handled properly by Lightwave (which we've heard it is), the geometry
should come automatically.
>Has anybody successfully made a fresnel lens?
Sure... just not as a Lightwave object. ;-) However, as I understand
it, they're mostly for focusing light, rather than magnifying images. That
brings up my question regarding refraction... it'll distort images coming into
the camera, but will it also bend the light passing through it that is cast on
other objects? Could one, say, model a working spotlight with a modelled
Fresnel lens, a reflective hyperbolic mirror and a point source of light?
R Goemans
(Call him the unofficial junior physics guy, and lets not get him started again)
rgoemans@macc.wisc.edu